화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.115, 171-182, November, 2022
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.050  Export Citation
Integrated adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutant, ciprofloxacin employing biochar-ZnO composite photocatalysts
Muhammad Amir, Tahir Fazal, Javed Iqbal, Aamir Alaud Din1, †, Ashfaq Ahmed2, †, Asim Ali, Abdul Razzaq3, Zulfiqar Ali3, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman, and Young-Kwon Park4, †
  • Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
  • 1Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
  • 2Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
  • 3Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • 4School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
E-mail:, ,
The expensive carbonaceous substrates including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes have been coupled with ZnO to improve the properties and photocatalytic performance of carbon based ZnO photocatalysts. To replace these expensive materials, biochar offers as a low-cost alternative to prepare biochar-based photocatalysts. In this study, Calotropis gigantea leaves derived biochar-ZnO (BC-ZnO) composites were synthesized to overcome the ZnO related problems (charge recombination, wider band gap, and poor visible light absorption). Different BC-ZnO (BCZ-1–3) composites were characterized to evaluate their intrinsic properties and composites were employed to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). BCZ-3 composite exhibited slower recombination of electron-hole pairs, lower band gap (2.97 eV), and better light absorption in visible region than ZnO. The enhanced adsorptive-photocatalytic degradation efficiency was attained up to 98.5% using BCZ-3 than BC (46.2%) and ZnO (41.4%). The O∙- 2 and OH● radicals within BCZ-3 are dominant reactive species indulged in CIP photocatalytic degradation. BCZ-3 photocatalyst exhibits 80% degradation of CIP after four regeneration cycles. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved 54.18 mg g-1 for BCZ-3 than BC (46.20 mg g-1) and ZnO (15.55 mg g-1). The results show that BCZ-X composites can be used as stable, efficient, economical, and sustainable composite for the recovery of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Keywords:Biochar;ZnO photocatalyst;Ciprofloxacin;Photocatalysis;Adsorption;Pharmaceutical wastewater
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