화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.99, 19-47, July, 2021
Influence of various operational parameters in enhancing photocatalytic reduction efficiency of carbon dioxide in a photoreactor: A review
E-mail:,
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a rapidly evolving sustainable approach for CO2 reduction and renewable fuel production. The photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO2 depends on many operational aspects. This review focuses on some of the important operational and intrinsic parameters that significantly influence CO2 photocatalytic reduction efficiency. The critical parameters studied are temperature, pH, pressure, catalyst size, catalytic doping, reaction time, reaction time, feed ratio, reducing agents, type of solvent, the wavelength of the light source, light intensity, and effect of direct solar radiation. The temperature directly impacts photocatalytic reduction. Similarly, the effect of pressure was systemati-cally discussed. The morphology of photocatalysts and their effects on CO2 reduction efficiency and products selectivity are also deliberated. The review also focuses on a detailed assessment of the role of photoreactor design with the various photocatalytic reactor, their geometry, operating mode and phases. The reaction pathways for specific products are discussed based on several characterization techniques. Hence, this work gives a deeper understanding of the influential operational parameters affecting CO2 photoreduction and provides new directions on optimizing them to enhance the photoreduction efficiency of CO2 to renewable fuels.
  1. Lingampalli SR, Ayyub MM, Rao CNR, ACS Omega, 2, 2740 (2017)
  2. Liu M, Yi Y, Wang L, Guo H, Bogaerts A, Catalysts, 9 (2019)
  3. Cherubini F, Peters GP, Berntsen T, Strømman AH, Hertwich E, GCB Bioenergy, 3, 413 (2011)
  4. Davis SJ, Caldeira K, Matthews HD, Science, 329(5997), 1330 (2010)
  5. Steingrube A, Voll P, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 1093 (2016)
  6. Gao X, Gao XZY, Engineering, 3, 272 (2017)
  7. Lee YY, Jung HS, Kang YT, J. CO2 Util., 20, 163 (2017)
  8. Ola O, Maroto-Valer MM, Mackintosh S, Energy Procedia, 37, 6704 (2013)
  9. Wang W, Gong J, Front. Chem. Eng. China, 5, 2 (2011)
  10. Bowen F, Energy Policy, 39, 2556 (2011)
  11. Razzaq A, Sinhamahapatra A, Kang TH, Grimes CA, Yu JS, In SI, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 215, 28 (2017)
  12. Arena F, Mezzatesta G, Spadaro L, Trunfio G, Transformation and utilization of carbon dioxide, pp.103, (2014).
  13. Perez-Fortes M, Schoneberger JC, Boulamanti A, Tzimas E, Appl. Energy, 161, 718 (2016)
  14. Tahir B, Tahir M, Amin NS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 338, 1 (2015)
  15. Shet SP, Priya SS, Sudhakar K, Tahir M, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 46, 11782 (2021)
  16. Pomilla FR, Brunetti A, Marci G, Garcla-Lopez EI, Fontananova E, Palmisano L, Barbieri G, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 6, 8743 (2018)
  17. Ali A, Tahir M, J. CO2 Util., 29, 205 (2019)
  18. Francis A, Priya SS, Kumar SH, Sudhakar K, Tahir M, J. CO2 Util., 47, 101515 (2021)
  19. Khan UMS, Frites M, Shaban YA, MacGrey M, J. Chem. Appl., 5, 01 (2019)
  20. Le QV, Nguyen VH, Nguyen TD, Sharma A, Rahman G, Nguyen DLT, Chem. Eng. Sci., 237, 116547 (2021)
  21. Khan AA, Tahir M, J. CO2 Util., 29, 205 (2019)
  22. Wu HY, Bai HL, Wu JCS, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53(28), 11221 (2014)
  23. Indrakanti VP, Kubicki JD, Schobert HH, Energy Environ. Sci., 2, 745 (2009)
  24. Olivo A, Thompson WA, Bay ERB, Ghedini E, Menegazzo F, Maroto-Valer M, Signoretto M, J. CO2 Util., 36, 25 (2020)
  25. Rodriguez V, Camarillo R, Martinez F, Jimenez C, Rincon J, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 163 (2020)
  26. Chen CY, Yu JCC, Nguyen VH, Wu JCS, Wang WH, Koci K, Catalysts, 7 (2017)
  27. Khan MM, Pradhan D, Sohn Y, Nanocomposites for Visible Light-Induced Photocatalysis. Polymer and Composite Materials, pp.19, (2017).
  28. Wang WN, Soulis J, Yang YJ, Biswas P, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 533 (2014)
  29. Hu YG, Zhan F, Wang Q, Sun YJ, Yu C, Zhao X, Wang H, Long R, Zhang GZ, Gao C, Zhang WK, Jiang J, Tao Y, Xiong YJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 142(12), 5618 (2020)
  30. Tan TH, Xie B, Ng YH, Abdullah SFB, Tang HYM, Bedford N, Taylor RA, Aguey-Zinsou KF, Amal R, Scott J, Nat. Catal., 3, 1034 (2020)
  31. Zhao Y, Zhao B, Liu J, Chen G, Gao R, Yao S, Li M, Zhang Q, Gu L, Xie J, Wen X, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Ma D, Zhang T, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 128, 4287 (2016)
  32. Jiao X, Zheng K, Liang L, Li X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Chem. Soc. Rev., 49, 6592 (2020)
  33. Moroz P, Boddy A, Zamkov M, Front. Chem., 6, 1 (2018)
  34. Fu Z, Yang Q, Liu Z, Chen F, Yao F, Xie T, Zhong Y, J. CO2 Util., 34, 63 (2019)
  35. Liu L, Wang S, Huang H, Zhang Y, Ma T, Nano Energy, 104959 (2020).
  36. Akhter P, Hussain M, Saracco G, Russo N, Fuel, 149, 55 (2015)
  37. Olajire AA, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 92, 570 (2018)
  38. Tahir M, Amin NS, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 467, 483 (2013)
  39. Slamet, Nasution HW, Purnama E, Kosela S, Gunlazuardi J, Catal. Commun., 6, 313 (2005)
  40. Koci K,, Reli M, Kozak O, Lacny Z, Placha D, Praus P, Obalova L, Catal tody, 212 (2011).
  41. Tseng IH, Chang WC, Wu JCS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 37(1), 37 (2002)
  42. Mizuno T, Adachi K, Ohta K, Saji A, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 98, 87 (1996)
  43. Wang L, Ghoussoub M, Wang H, Shao Y, Sun W, Tountas AA, Wood TE, et al., Joule, 2, 1382 (2018)
  44. Lo CC, Hung CH, Yuan CS, Wu JF, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 91(19), 1765 (2007)
  45. Alarcon A, Guilera J, Andreu T, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 140, 155 (2018)
  46. Zhang Q, Lin CF, Jing YH, Chang CT, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 64, 578 (2014)
  47. Pastrana-Martinez LM, Silva AMT, Fonseca NNC, Vaz JR, Figueiredo JL, Faria JL, Top. Catal., 59, 1279 (2016)
  48. Bahadori E, Tripodi A, Villa A, Pirola C, Prati L, Ramis G, Rossetti I, Catalysts, 8 (2018)
  49. Nguyen TV, Wu JCS, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 335(1), 112 (2008)
  50. Sasirekha N, Basha SJS, Shanthi K, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 62(1-2), 169 (2006)
  51. Koci K, Mateju K, Obalova L, Krejcikova S, Lacny Z, Placha D, Capek L, Hospodkova A, Solcova O, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 96(3-4), 239 (2010)
  52. Tahir B, Tahir M, Amin NS, Energy Conv. Manag., 90, 272 (2015)
  53. Liu S, Jiang T, Fan M, Tan G, Cui S, Shen X, J. Alloy. Compd., 861 (2021)
  54. Tahir M, Tahir B, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 59(21), 9841 (2020)
  55. Su K, Chen C, Wu R, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 96, 409 (2019)
  56. Khalilzadeh A, Shariati A, Sol. Energy, 186, 166 (2019)
  57. Kusama H, Okabe K, Sayama K, Arakawa H, Catal. Today, 28(3), 261 (1996)
  58. Zheng JN, An K, Wang JM, Li J, Liu Y, Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao/J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 47, 697 (2019).
  59. Tahir M, Amin NS, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 493, 90 (2015)
  60. Karamian E, Sharifnia S, J. CO2 Util., 16, 194 (2016)
  61. Zhao ZH, Fan JM, Liu SH, Wang ZZ, Chem. Eng. J., 151(1-3), 134 (2009)
  62. Chen M, Wu J, Lu C, Luo X, Huang Y, Jin B, Gao H, Zhang X, Argyle M, Liang Z, Green Energy Environ. (2020).
  63. Dong C, Lian C, Hu S, Deng Z, Gong J, Li M, Liu H, Xing M, Zhang J, Nat. Commun., 9, 1 (2018)
  64. Karelovic A, Ruiz P, Catal. Sci. Technol., 5, 869 (2015)
  65. Koci K, Obalova L, Matejova L, Placha D, Lacny Z, Jirkovsky J, Solcova O, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 89(3-4), 494 (2009)
  66. Nguyen TV, Wu JCS, Chiou CH, Catal. Commun., 9, 2073 (2008)
  67. Tahir M, J. Clean Prod., 170, 242 (2018)
  68. Tahir B, Tahir M, Amin NAS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 248, 167 (2019)
  69. Gui MM, Wong WMP, Chai SP, Mohamed AR, Chem. Eng. J., 278, 272 (2015)
  70. Gui MM, Chai SP, Xu BQ, Mohamed AR, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 122, 183 (2014)
  71. Yang CT, Wood BC, Bhethanabotla VR, Joseph B, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 25379 (2015)
  72. Crake A, Christoforidis KC, Gregg A, Moss B, Kafizas A, Petit C, Small, 15, 1 (2019)
  73. Wang WN, An WJ, Ramalingam B, Mukherjee S, Niedzwiedzki DM, Gangopadhyay S, Biswas P, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134(27), 11276 (2012)
  74. Renones P, Moya A, Fresno F, Collado L, Vilatela JJ, De La Pena O'Shea VA, J. CO2 Util., 15, 24 (2016)
  75. Fu Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Song T, Long B, Ali A, Deng G, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 593, 152 (2021)
  76. Guo LJ, Wang YJ, He T, Chem. Rec., 1918 (2016).
  77. Yang J, Zhu X, Mo Z, Yi J, Yan J, Deng J, Xu Y, She Y, Qian J, Xu H, Li H, Inorg. Chem. Front., 5, 3163 (2018)
  78. Li PG, Sui XN, Xu JF, Jing H, Wu CX, Peng H, Lu J, Yin HZ, Chem. Eng. J., 247, 25 (2014)
  79. Ramyashree MS, Priya SS, Freudenberg NC, Sudhakar K, Tahir M, J. CO2 Util., 43, 101374 (2020)
  80. Khan SU, Al-Khaled K, Aldabesh A, Awais M, Tlili I, Sci. Rep., 11, 1 (2021)
  81. Tlili I, Math. Sci. (2021).
  82. Aldabesh A, Hussain M, Khan N, Riahi A, Khan SU, Tlili I, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., 23, 100820 (2021)
  83. Tahir M, Tahir B, Zakaria ZY, Muhammad A, J. Clean Prod., 213, 451 (2019)
  84. Li KF, An XQ, Park KH, Khraisheh M, Tang JW, Catal. Today, 224, 3 (2014)
  85. Du P, Cameiro JT, Moulijn JA, Mul G, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 334(1-2), 119 (2008)
  86. Derichter RK, Ming T, Caillol S, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 19, 82 (2013)
  87. Bhatta S, Nagassou D, Mohsenian S, Trelles JP, Sol. Energy, 178, 201 (2019)
  88. Ola O, Maroto-Valer M, Liu D, Mackintosh S, Lee CW, Wu JCS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 126, 172 (2012)
  89. Lee W, Liao C, Tsai M, Huang C, Wu JCS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 132-133, 445 (2013)
  90. Sorcar S, Hwang Y, Grimes CA, In SI, Mater. Today, 20, 507 (2017)
  91. Paulino PN, Salim VMM, Resende NS, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 185, 362 (2016)
  92. Yang Y, Wu J, Xiao T, Tang Z, Shen J, Li H, Zhou Y, Zou Z, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 255, 117771 (2019)
  93. Tahir M, Appl. Surf. Sci., 467-468, 1170 (2019)
  94. Shi WN, Guo XW, Cui CX, Jiang K, Li ZJ, Qu LB, Wang JC, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 243, 236 (2019)
  95. Kozlova EA, Lyulyukin MN, Markovskaya DV, Selishchev DS, Cherepanova SV, Kozlov DV, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 18, 871 (2019)
  96. Chong RF, Su CH, Du YQ, Fan YY, Ling Z, Chang ZX, Li DL, J. Catal., 363, 92 (2018)
  97. Pan B, Luo S, Su W, Wang X, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 168-169, 458 (2015)
  98. Li YY, Wang CH, Song M, Li DS, Zhang XT, Liu YC, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 243, 760 (2019)
  99. Spadaro L, Arena F, Negro P, Palella A, J. CO2 Util., 26, 445 (2018)
  100. Xiong Z, Kuang CC, Lin KY, Lei Z, Chen X, Gong B, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Xia B, Wu JCS, J. CO2 Util., 24, 500 (2018)
  101. Mateo D, Albero J, Garcia H, Joule, 3, 1949 (2019)
  102. Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Design Consideration of Continuous-Flow Photoreactors, Photochem. Process. Contin. React., pp.1, (2017).
  103. Kong XY, Lee WQ, Mohamed AR, Chai SP, Chem. Eng. J., 372, 1183 (2019)
  104. Shehzad N, Tahir M, Johari K, Murugesan T, Hussain M, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. (2018).
  105. Tan LL, Ong WJ, Chai SP, Mohamed AR, Chem. Eng. J., 308, 248 (2017)
  106. Xiong Z, Wang HB, Xu NY, Li HL, Fang BZ, Zhao YC, Zhang JY, Zheng CG, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 40(32), 10049 (2015)
  107. Xiong Z, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zheng C, Wu JCS, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 13186 (2016)
  108. Albero J, Dominguez E, Corma A, Garcia H, Sustain. Energy Fuels., 1, 1303 (2017)
  109. Lin LL, Wang K, Yang K, Chen X, Fu XZ, Dai WX, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 204, 440 (2017)
  110. Sastre F, Puga AV, Liu LC, Corma A, Garcia H, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136(19), 6798 (2014)
  111. Guan GQ, Kida T, Yoshida A, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 41(4), 387 (2003)
  112. Zhu Z, Liu X, Bao C, Zhang K, Song C, Xuan Y, Energy Conv. Manag., 222, 113263 (2020)
  113. Guan GQ, Kida T, Harada T, Isayama M, Yoshida A, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 249(1), 11 (2003)
  114. Nguyen TV, Wu JCS, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92(8), 864 (2008)
  115. Abou Asi M, He C, Su MH, Xia DH, Lin L, Deng HQ, Xiong Y, Qiu RL, Li XZ, Catal. Today, 175(1), 256 (2011)
  116. Qin GH, Zhang Y, Ke XB, Tong XL, Sun Z, Liang M, Xue S, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 129, 599 (2013)
  117. Tahir M, Amin NS, Chem. Eng. J., 230, 314 (2013)
  118. Sharma A, Lee B, Catal. Today (2017).
  119. Pipelzadeh E, Rudolph V, Hanson G, Noble C, Wang LZ, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 218, 672 (2017)
  120. Poudyal S, Laursen S, J. Phys. Chem. C, 122, 8045 (2018)
  121. Al-Mhyawi SR, Abdel Salam M, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 367, 89 (2018)
  122. Khatun F, Abd Aziz A, Sim LC, Monir MU, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7, 103233 (2019)
  123. Duan Z, Zhao X, Chen L, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 104628 (2020).