화학공학소재연구정보센터
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol.521, No.3, 625-631, 2020
Hypoxic adipocytes induce macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines that render skeletal muscle cells insulin resistant
Adipose tissue hypoxia occurs early in obesity and is associated with increased tissue macrophages and systemic inflammation that impacts muscle insulin responsiveness. We investigated how hypoxia interacted with adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk and inflammatory cytokine release, using co-culture and conditioned media (CM). Murine primary adipocytes from lean or obese mice were cultured under normoxic (21% O-2) or hypoxic (1% O-2) conditions. RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated under normoxic or hypoxic conditions with or without adipocyte conditioned media. Macrophage and adipocyte-macrophage co-culture CM were also collected. We found hypoxia did not elicit direct cytokine release from macrophages. However, adipocyte CM or adipocyte co-culture, synergistically stimulated TNF alpha and MCP-1 release from macrophages that was not further impacted by hypoxia. Exposure of muscle cells to elevated cytokines led to reduced insulin and muscle stress/inflammatory signaling. We conclude hypoxia or obesity induces release of inflammatory TNF alpha and MCP-1 from mice primary adipocytes but the two environmental conditions do not synergize to worsen macrophage signal transduction or insulin responsiveness. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.