화학공학소재연구정보센터
Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.173, 383-398, 2018
Achieving Germany's wind energy expansion target with an improved wind turbine siting approach
The goals of this study were to develop and to evaluate wind turbine siting scenarios for achieving a share of about 40% (250 TWh/yr) wind energy in Germany's gross electricity consumption. The scenarios were developed to quantify the influence of (1) available technology and repowering, (2) resource distribution, and (3) siting strategy on five siting suitability measures: (1) number of wind turbines, (2) cumulative installed capacity, (3) capacity factor, (4) main investment costs, and (5) distribution of wind turbines. The wind field in the analyzed hub height range was modeled by the wind speed-wind shear model on a 200 m x 200 m grid. Geographically restricted areas were considered as not suitable under all scenarios. For a better comparison of the scenarios, a novel wind turbine siting index was introduced by normalizing the suitability measures. It was found that an installed capacity of less than 100 GW and about 36,000 wind turbines are sufficient to generate 250 TWh/yr wind energy. If the current rate of wind energy expansion in Germany is maintained, this value can be achieved in the early 2030s. The results also demonstrate that inefficient wind turbine siting considerably extends the period and increases the number of required wind turbines. Against this background, the results of this study can be applied for a better coordination of wind turbine siting in Germany at different administrative levels. The methodology is portable to other countries and can be used to develop national siting strategies to achieve projected wind energy shares in the electricity mix.