화학공학소재연구정보센터
Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.27, No.4, 397-401, August, 2016
피리디니움 디나이트라아마이드염의 합성과 특성연구
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridinium Dinitramide Salt
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초록
새로운 고체산화제 화합물인 pyridinium dinitramide (Py-DN)는 환경 및 인체에 독성이 적은 비염소계의 에너지물질로서 고체 추진제 뿐만 아니라 단일계 추진제로 활용이 가능한 high performance green propellant (HPGP) 물질이다. 합성반응은 술팜산칼륨(potassium sulfamate, NH2SO3K)을 출발물질로 시작하였으며, 합성된 Py-DN의 화학적인 구조특성을 적외선분광법과 가시광선-자외선분광법으로 관찰하였다. 또한, 유사한 물성의 친환경 고체산화제인 ammonium dinitramide[ADN, NH4N(NO2)2]와 guanidine dinitramide[GDN, NH2C(NH2)NH2N(NO2)2]의 열특성을 TG/DSC로 분석하여 상대비교하였다. 본 연구에서 합성한 Py-DN염의 흡열온도는 77.4 ℃, 분해온도는 144.7 ℃, 발열에너지는 1739 J/g으로 기존의 DN계열 물질보다 열적 반응이 빠르므로 분해온도가 상대적으로 낮아 단일계 추진제의 촉매 분해 시 촉매의 예열온도를 낮출 수 있어 로켓추력기의 연료로 활용할 경우, 낮은 분해온도 적용성에 장점이 있다.
A new solid oxidizer, pyridinium dinitramide (Py-DN) is a low toxic energetic material which can be utilized as a HPGP (high performance green propellant). In this work, Py-DN was synthesized using various starting materials including potassium sulfamate, pyridine hydrochloride, strong nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Physical and chemical properties of the Py-DN were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR and a thermal analyzer and their properties were compared to those of previously prepared salts including ammonium dinitramide[ADN, NH4N(NO2)2] and guanidine dinitramide[GDN, NH2C(NH2)NH2N(NO2)2] in our lab. Endothermic and exothermic decomposition temperatures of Py-DN were 77.4 ℃ and 144.7 ℃, respectively. The combustion caloric value was 1739 J/g, which is thermally more sensitive than that of conventional dinitramides. It may enable to lower the decomposition temperature, which can reduce preheating temperature required for satellite thruster applications.
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