Polymer paperPhase separation from solutions of poly(ether sulfone) in epoxy resins
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Novel epoxy resin adhesives toughened by functionalized poly (ether ether ketone) s
2021, International Journal of Adhesion and AdhesivesCitation Excerpt :The internal phase separated morphology of thermoplastic modified polymeric systems can be correlated to their optical transparency. Polyethersulfone modified epoxy matrix resin exhibited reduced optical transparency attributed to its phase separation [41]. In the present investigation, the occurrence of phase separated morphology was further confirmed by the optical transparency measurements using UV - visible spectroscopy.
Cohesive energy density and solubility parameter evolution during the curing of thermoset
2018, PolymerCitation Excerpt :However, the toughness, an important measure of the material resistance to failure, of highly crosslinked polymers is normally not satisfactory [1,2] and various approaches are used to improve this property. An effective toughening mechanism is the incorporation of a second phase, either rubbers or thermoplastics, into the thermoset network [3–6]; the presence of this second phase can increase the energy absorption during crack propagation. The final toughness of the two-phase system depends on not only the properties of each phase but also on the phase morphology which is the result of reaction-induced phase separation (RIPS) in the curing process and subsequent annealing [7,8].
Phase separation and morphology development in thermoplastic-modified thermosets
2018, Thermosets: Structure, Properties, and Applications: Second EditionSynthesis and characterization of a renewable cyanate ester/polycarbonate network derived from eugenol
2014, PolymerCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, elastomer modification of highly crosslinked thermosets, such as cyanate esters, is not an effective approach since matrix yielding is the dominant toughening mechanism. To mitigate these issues, the effects of blending cyanate esters with various thermoplastic resins, including poly(ethylene phthalate) [9], poly (ether imide) [10], polysulfones [8,11–13], and polycarbonates [14,15] have been studied. In most cases the thermoplastic phase separates during cure of the cyanate ester with toughening of the bulk material dependent on the resulting morphology.
Allylic monomers as reactive plasticizers of polyphenylene oxide. Part I: Uncured systems
2011, European Polymer JournalCitation Excerpt :Blending of two polymers typically results in phase separation unless a very strong interaction presence between both components (e.g. polyvinyl chloride (PVC)–polycaprolactone [3] and PVC–polybutylene terphthalate [4]). Polymer blends often exhibit phase diagrams with an upper critical solution temperature [5–7] or lower critical solution temperature [5,8–10] even though some blends indicate more complex phase diagrams [11]. Only between these two limits are the blends miscible.
Studies on the effect of different levels of toughener and flame retardants on thermal stability of epoxy resin
2010, Polymer Degradation and StabilityCitation Excerpt :The exothermic peak representing decomposition stage of epoxy in E at 384 °C is replaced by two exotherms at 385 and 389 °C in E(20), and 387 and 442 °C in E(30), Table 3(a) and Fig. 1(b). This might be due to the phase separation of the mixture forming resin rich and PES rich phases during curing stage which might have led to two different temperature ranges of reactions of these phases [24–26]. Hence, the extra peaks at 389 °C in E(20) and 442 °C in E(30) could be due to decomposition of the PES rich phase [26], also indicated by increase in the heat of reaction of the decomposition stage with increasing PES level (Table 3(a)).
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Present address: Departmento Quimica-Fisica, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, Valencia, Spain