Full paperObservations on the nature of fly ash particles
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Toxicity and environmental and economic performance of fly ash and recycled concrete aggregates use in concrete: A review
2018, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :Moreover, the particles of FA have a large surface area in comparison to mass [69]. The smaller particles have higher surface areas and contain significant surface concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements [70]. According to Roy et al. [71], the leachability of elements (P, Fe, Al, B, K, and Ca) decreases for longer ages.
Generation and nature of coal fly ash and bottom ash
2017, Coal Combustion Products (CCPs): Characteristics, Utilization and BeneficiationEffect of weathering transformations of coal combustion residuals on trace element mobility in view of the environmental safety and sustainability of their disposal and use. I. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling pH and phase stability
2015, Journal of Environmental ManagementCitation Excerpt :It may be produced by high-temperature treatment of kyanite/sillimanite/andalusite group of metamorphic minerals, commonly found in some deposits. The occurrence of sillimanite minerals are also noted in power plant fly ashes (e.g. Tazaki et al., 1989; Mahlaba et al., 2011, 2012; Hower, 2012; Li et al., 2014). These Al2SiO5 polymorphs may form in high-pressure zones in boilers in parallel with mullite, but may further partially transform into mullite at temperatures ≥1250 °C.
Behaviour of elements and minerals during preparation and combustion of the Pernik coal, Bulgaria
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