Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Nicotine prevents the apoptosis induced by menadione in human lung cancer cells
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Cell culture. Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was obtained from Centre for Type Culture Collection (Wuhan, China). The cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C, with 5% CO2. Medium was replaced every other day.
MTT assay. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA). After the treatments with nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt (Sigma, St. Louis, MO,
Nicotine promoted cell proliferation and prevented the apoptosis
To study roles of nicotine in apoptosis, menadione was first used to set up apoptosis system in lung cancer cells A549. The cells were treated with concentration gradient of menadione as 1–50–100–200 μM. The apoptotic cells turned round and their nucleus broke into pieces, forming apoptotic bodies (Figs. 1A–D). Apoptotic cells were obviously observed at concentrations of 100 μM menadione by FITC-labeled TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay (Figs. 1E–H). Quantitative analysis using
Discussion
Both hereditary and environmental factors contributed to the genesis of lung cancer, which involved many genes including those in processes of DNA reparation, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation [10]. Defects of these processes will result in activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of anticancer genes, and genomic unstabilization, and thus lung cancer genesis [11], [12], [13]. Although some factors were elucidated to play a role in lung cancer genesis, the molecular mechanisms are
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Basic Research project (G2000057004), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University and the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 2004.28). There is not any financial conflict of interest.
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