Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis of the [Ga]-MFI under atmospheric pressure

  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The crystallization of the [Ga]-MFI was investigated as a function of synthesis time under atmospheric pressure. The molar composition of the reactants was 100SiO2-Ga2O3-llNa2O-llTPABr-3500H2O. The crystallinity of the [Ga]-MFT was examined by using several analytical instruments, such as XRD, XPS, XRF, FT-IR, solid-statemas-NMR, DTG/DTA, and SEM. The [Ga]-MFI was successfully synthesized under atmospheric pressure at 97 ‡C in 72 h. It was found that the nucleation of the [Ga]-MFI took a quite long time, but the crystallization took place very fast. It is supposed that nucleation is the rate-controlling step in the [Ga]-MFI synthesis under atmospheric pressure. Consequently, if the induction period of the nucleation can be shortened, it would be possible to synthesize the [Ga]-MFI commercially under atmospheric pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Argauer, R. J. and Landolt, G. R., US. Patent,3, 702886 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayense, C. R., Van Hooff, J. H. C, Kentquens, A. P. M., DeHaan, J. W. and Van de Ven, L. J. M., “The Removal of Gallium from the Lattice of MFI-gallosilicates as Studied by Gallium-71 MAS-NMR Spectroscope,” Proceedings of the 8th International Zeolite Conference, 105 (1989).

  • Bayense, C. R., van der Pol, A. J. H. P. and van Hoff, J. H. C., “Aromatization of Propane over MFI-gallosilicates,”Appl. Catal, A,72, 81 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brabec, L., Jeschke, M., Klik, R., Novakova, J., Kubelkova, L. and Freude, D., “Various Types of Ga in MFI Metallosilicates Characterization and Catalytic Activity,”Appl. Catal, A,167,309 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camblor, M. A., “Synthesis and Characterization of Gallosilicates and Galloaluminosilicates Isomorphous to Zeolite Beta,”J. Zeolites,12, 280 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiyoda Corp., JP05269385 (1993).

  • Choudhary, V R., Devadas, P., Kinage, A. K., Sivadinarayana, C. and Guisnet, M., “Pulse Reaction Studies on Variations of Initial Activity/Selectivity of O2 and H2 Pretreated Ga-modified ZSM-5 Type Zeolite Catalysts in Propane Aromatization”,J. Catal.,158,23 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary, V R., Kinage, A. K. and Guisnet, M., “Acidity, Catalytic Activity, and Deactivation of H-gallosilicate (MFI) in Propane Aromatization: Influence of Hydrothermal Pretreatments,”J. Catal.,158, 537 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary, V R. and Kinage, A. K., “Hydrothermal Synthesis of Galloaluminosilicate (MFI) Zeolite Crystals Having Uniform Size, Morphology and Ga/Al Ratio”,Zeolites,18,274 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erdem, A. and Sand, L. B., “Crystallization and Metastable Phase Transformations of Zeolite ZSM-5 in the (TPA)2O-sodium Oxide-potassium Oxide-aluminum Oxide-silicon Dioxide-Water System,”J. Catal.,60,241(1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabelica, Z., Nagy, J. B. and Debras, G., “Characterization of x-ray Amorphous ZSM-5 Zeolites by High Resolution Solid State Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy,”J. Catal,84, 256 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannetto, G., Monque, R, Perez, J. and Garcia, L., “Comparison of Crystallization Rates of [aluminum]and [gallium]-MFI-type Zeolites”,Zeolites,13, 557 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannetto, G., Montes, A., Gnep, N. S., Florentino, A., Cartraud, P. and Guisnet, M., “Conversion of Light Alkanes into Aromatic Hydrocarbons. VII. Aromatization of Propane on Gallosilicates: Effect of Calcination in Dry Air,”J. Catal,145, 86 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gnep, N. S., Doyemet, J. Y. and Guisnet, M., “Creation of Mesopores in Monodimensional Zeolites. A Way of Improving Their Catalytic Stability”,Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal,46,153 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gnep, N. S., “Effects of Steaming on the Shape Selectivity and on the Acidity of HZSM-5,”J. Mol. Catal,45, 281 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guisnet, M., Gnep, N. S. and Alario, F, “Aromatization of Short Chain Alkanes on Zeolite Catalysts”,Appl. Catal, A,89,1 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inui, T, Makino, Y, Okazumi, F, Nagano, S. and Miyamoto, A., “Selective Aromatization of Light Paraffins on Platinum-ion-exchanged Gallium-silicate Bifunctional Catalysts,”Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,26, 647 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai, J. and Kawata, N., “Aromatization of Hexane over Galloaluminosilicate and Allosilicate”,Appl. Catal, A,55,115 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khodakov, A. Y, Kustov, L. M., Bondarenko, T. N., Dergachev, A., Kazansky, V B., Minachev, K. M., Borbely, G. and Beyer, H K., “Investigation of the Different States of Gallium in Crystalline Gallosilicates with Pentasil Structure and Their Role in Propane Aromatization”,Zeolites,10, 603 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, W G., Kim, J. H., Ahn, B. J. and Seo, G., “The Skeletal Isomerization of C-4-C-7 1-Olefins over Ferrierite and ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts”,Korean J. Chem. Eng.,18, 120 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. D., Han, T J. and Lee, H. I., “Gas-phase Isomerization of Ethylbenzene over Pt-Heteropoly Acid/Zeolite Catalysts,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,3, 53 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. H. and Ha, B. H., “Catalytic Cracking of Vacuum Gas Oil on Alumina/Zeolites Mixtures-effects of Precipitation pH of Alumina and Zeolite Type on Product Distribution,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,15, 533 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, X. S. and Ktinowski, J., “Acidic Hydroxyl Groups in Zeolites X and Y: a Correlation between Infrared and Solid-state NMR Spectra”,J. Phys. Chem.,96, 3403 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meriaudeau, P. and Naccache, C., “The Role of Ga2O3 and Proton Acidity on the Dehydrogenating Activity of Ga2O3-HZSM-5 Catalysts: Evidence of a Bifunctional Mechanism,”J. Mol. Catal.,59, L31 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsubishi Chem. Corp., JP09020706 (1997).

  • Mobil Oil Corp., EP187496 (1986).

  • Mobil Oil Corp., EP327189 (1989).

  • Nagy, J. B., Bodart, P., Derouane, E. G., Gebelica, Z. and Nastro, A., “Role of Alkali and Tetrapropylammonium Cations in (M)ZSM-5 Hydrogel Precursors,” Proceedings of the 7th International Zeolite Conference, 231 (1986).

  • Oh, H. S, Kang, K. K., Kim, M. H. and Rhee, H. K., “Synthesis of MFItype Zeolites under Atmospheric Pressure,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,18,113 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shpiro, E. S., Shevchenko, D. P., Tkachenko, O. P. and Dmitriev, R. V., “Platinum Promoting Effects in Pt/Ga Zeolite Catalysts of Lower Alkane Aromatization. I. Ga and Pt Electronic States, Dispersion and Distribution in Zeolite Crystals in Dependence of Preparation Techniques. Dynamic Effects Caused by Reaction Mixture,”Appl. Catal, A,107,147(1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, D. K., Szostok, R, Agrawal, P. K. and Thomas, T. L., “Gallosilicate Molecular Sieves: the Role of Framework and Nonframework Gallium on Catalytic Cracking Activity,”J. Catal,106, 287 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szostak, R, “Molecular Sieve — Principles of Synthesis and Identification”, 197 (1988).

  • Thomas, J. M. and Liu, X. S., “Gallozeolite Catalysts: Preparation, Characterization and Performance,”J. Phys. Chem.,90,4843 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timken, H. K. C. and Oldfield, E., “Solid-state Gaffium-69 and Gallium-71 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Gallium Analog Zeolites and Related Systems,”J. Am. Chem. Soc,109, 7669 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaw ver Aluminium Werke Ag., DE4021118 (1992).

  • Yakerson, V. I., Vasina, T. V, Lafer, L. I., Sytnyk, V. P., Dylch, G. L. and Mokhov, A. V., “The Properties of Zinc and Gallium Containing Pentasils ⥭he Catalysts for the Aromatization of Lower Alkanes,”Catal. Lett.,3,339 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hyun-Sik Hahm.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Park, J., Kim, SB., Ha, JM. et al. Synthesis of the [Ga]-MFI under atmospheric pressure. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18, 468–474 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698292

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698292

Key words

Navigation