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Photochromism and thermochromism: new strategies for (HV)[Co(H2O)6](p-BDC)2(DMF)·H2O

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Abstract

A new strategy for a viologen complex, (HV)[Co(H2O)6](p-BDC)2(DMF)·H2O (1) (p-BDC = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), was designed by keeping highly symmetrical hydrogen bonding and maximum π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. By the reaction of Co(NO3)2·6H2O with 1,1′-bis(n-hexyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (HVBr2) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (p-H2BDC), the viologen complex 1 was prepared with monoclinic space group P 2/n, which is constituted by HV2+ cation, [Co(H2O)6]2+ cation, DMF and constitution water as well as two p-BDC2− anions to form a supramolecular 3D framework. The viologen complex 1 exhibits photochromic and thermochromic property. The types and regions of intercontacts in viologen complex 1 were illustrated by Hirshfeld surface and two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots in crystal stacking. The frontier molecular orbital was evaluated to explain the matching rules between electron acceptor and donor at the density functional theory (DFT)-B3LYP/6-311 (d, p) level. It is of great signifcance to investigate inter/intramolecular interaction and chromic property of viologen complex 1 and provide theoretical guidance for the self assembly design and decoration of viologen complexes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No. 2020CG032), Linfen Key Research and Development Projects (Social Development) (No. 1909), Cultivation Plan of Young Scientific Researchers in Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province, Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No. 2019L0469), and the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project”.

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Correspondence to Guozheng Zhao or Jinjian Liu.

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Zhao, G., Yuan, F., Li, H. et al. Photochromism and thermochromism: new strategies for (HV)[Co(H2O)6](p-BDC)2(DMF)·H2O. J Mater Sci 56, 6912–6921 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05762-5

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