A comparative exploration of the phytochemical profiles and bio-pharmaceutical potential of Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri extracts obtained via five extraction techniques
Graphical abstract
Introduction
The origin of the word Helichrysum genus comes from the ancient words “helios” (sun) and “chrysos” (gold) and reflects the intensively yellow colour of most flowers of this genus. The Helichrysum genus (Asteraceae) comprises approximately 600 species widely distributed in the southern regions of the world [1]. “Historia Plantarum”, one of the most important records of natural history written between the 2nd and 3rd century B.C. by the Greek Theophrastus of Eresos, described the use of Helichrysum genus for curative purposes. In addition, members of Helichyrsum genus have been documented to be used against snake bite and to treat burns [2]. “De Materia Medica” written by Pedanius Dioscorides reported the application of decoction of floral filaments of Helichrysum in wine against different inflammatory complications related to snake bites, sciatica, urinary tract and hernias [3]. Later during Renaissance, the Dutch botanist Herman Boerhaave reported the use of herbs from this genus in South Africa for the treatment of hysteria and nervousness [4]. However, though medicinally used in many countries, there still a paucity of scientific information to validate such traditionally uses [2].
Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri, commonly known as everlasting, has a long traditional use in several cultures across the word.Ethnobotanical survey in the north-east of Portugal revealed that decoctions of H. stoechas have been used against cold, bronchitis, and fever [5]. In the Spanish folk medicine, H. stoechas is used for mitigation of inflammatory complications, for wound healing, to soothe toothache, manage urologic and digestive disorders [2]. Other traditional medicinal uses of H. stoechas includes the treatment of influenza, nervousness, and pancreatic problems [6]. Scientific studies have focused on the biological potential H. stoechas and reported its anti-α-glucosidase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and antioxidant activities [6]. Hydroalcoholic extract of H. stoechas has been identified as promising candidates for the cosmetic industry. Hydroalcoholic extract of H. stoechas, rich in 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and myricetin O-acetylhexoside antioxidant properties, was successfully used for the development of polycaprolactone based microspheres which were incorporated into a moisturizer [5]. The ethanolic extract of H. stoechas exhibited analgesic effect in vivo [7]. Dichloromethane extract of H. stoechas aerial part demonstrated antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium phlei) and antifungal (Candida albicans) properties. Arzanol, α-pyrone, helipyrone, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone, isoquercitrinand, quercetagetin-7-O-glucopyranoside, and santinol B have been isolated from the methanolic extracts of H. stoechas [6]. The capitula of H. stoechas extracted with 70 % ethanol () showed significant amounts of phenolic acids (chlorogenic and quinic acid and their derivatives) as well as other polyphenols such as quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin glucosides, and tetrahydroxychalcone-glucoside [8].
Increased concerns about the negative impact of chemicals on the environment has resulted in a paradigm shift whereby more ecologically friendly approach are been being favored. Tremendous efforts are being made to apply the principle of ‘green chemistry and technology’ in the area of phytochemistry and drug development from natural products. Scientists are investigating the effectiveness of novel extraction methods on the bioactivity of natural compounds compared to well-known and widely used conventional unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly extraction techniques [9,10]. Recently, several scientific studies have reported multiple bioactivities of H.stoechas. However, the possible effects of extraction techniques on extraction of bioactive secondary metabolites from H. stoechas have not been explored. Additionally, there are no reported studies in terms of assessment of extraction conditions on bioactive properties of obtained extracts. Therefore, the present study sets out to employ conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques (maceration and soxhlet extraction (SE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonication-assisted extraction (UAE)) to extract bioactive compounds from H. stoechas aerial parts. Besides, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the different extracts will be gauged using standard in vitro bio-assays.
Section snippets
Collection of plant material
Helichyrsum stoechas was cultivated at the Mugla area in Turkey and was collected during late spring in 2017. Identification and conformation of plant material as well as issuing of voucher specimen (MARE-19324) was done by botanist Dr. Gizem Bulut from the Marmara University (Istanbul, Turkey). Naturally dried plant material (aerial parts as mix) was minced and stored in the dark at the room temperature.
Extraction techniques
In order to get detailed insight in extraction influence on bioactives isolation from H.
Results and discussion
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts of H. stoechas aerial parts obtained by different extraction techniques followed this order ASE > MAE > UAE > maceration > SE (Fig. 1B). Previously it was reported that ASE was the most efficient method for the extraction of phenolics compared to shaking, vortex mixing, stirring, and sonication [18]. Accelerated solvent extraction involves the use of ordinary solvents under elevated temperature and pressure for extraction of bioactive
Conclusion
In line with advances in extraction technologies, advocating “green” extraction methods meeting sustainable development goals, the present study attempted to investigate the possible variances in bioactivity of H. stoechas subsp. barrelieri aerial parts extracted using conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques. ASE, using high temperature and high pressure, was the most efficient extraction method for phenolics and flavonoids. Likewise, H. stoechas extract obtained by ASE
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
Informed consent
Not applicable.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Gokhan Zengin: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Aleksandra Cvetanović: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Uroš Gašić: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Živoslav Tešić: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Alena Stupar: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Gizem Bulut: Investigation, Methodology.
Declaration of Competing Interest
None.
References (53)
- et al.
Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral bioactivities of selected Helichrysum species
S. Afr. J. Bot.
(2018) - et al.
Helichrysum italicum: from traditional use to scientific data
J. Ethnopharmacol.
(2014) - et al.
South African Helichrysum species: a review of the traditional uses, biological activity and phytochemistry
J. Ethnopharmacol.
(2008) - et al.
Exploring the antioxidant potential of Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench phenolic compounds for cosmetic applications: chemical characterization, microencapsulation and incorporation into a moisturizer
Ind. Crop. Prod.
(2014) - et al.
Everlasting flower (Helichrysum stoechas Moench) as a potential source of bioactive molecules with antiproliferative, antioxidant, antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties
Ind. Crop. Prod.
(2017) - et al.
LC coupled to ion-trap MS for the rapid screening and detection of polyphenol antioxidants from Helichrysum stoechas
J.Pharm. Biomed. Anal.
(2001) - et al.
Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: a review
J. Food Eng.
(2013) - et al.
A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: trends, priorities, industrial uses and optimization strategies
TrAC Trend. Anal. Chem.
(2018) - et al.
The polyphenolics and carbohydrates as indicators of botanical and geographical origin of Serbian autochthonous clones of red spice paprika
Food Chem.
(2017) - et al.
Exploring the antioxidant potential of Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench phenolic compounds for cosmetic applications: chemical characterization, microencapsulation and incorporation into a moisturizer
Ind. Crop Prod.
(2014)
Characterisation of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoids from different morphological parts of Helichrysum obconicum by a RP-HPLC–DAD-(−)–ESI-MSn method
Food Chem.
Investigation of six bioactive anthraquinones in slimming tea by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection
Food Chem.
Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds exploiting a Box-Behnken design and quantification of five flavonoids by HPLC-DAD in Passiflora species
Microchem. J.
Conventional, ultrasound-assisted, and accelerated-solvent extractions of anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes
Food Chem.
Effects of extraction conditions on bioactive anthocyanin content of Vaccinium corymbosum in the perspective of food applications
Procedia Eng.
Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peels: optimization, kinetics, and comparison with ultrasounds extraction
Chem. Eng. Process.
Extracting phenolic compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx using microwave assisted extraction
Ind. Crop. Prod.
Determination of flavone, flavonol, and flavanone aglycones by negative ion liquid chromatography electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry
J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
Isolation and identification of the antibacterial compounds from Helichrysum stoechas
J. Ethnopharmacol.
Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review
Ultrason. Sonochem.
Chemical and biological insights on aronia stems extracts obtained by different extraction techniques: from wastes to functional products
J. Supercrit. Fluid
Antioxidant and biological activity of chamomile extracts obtained by different techniques: perspective of using superheated water for isolation of biologically active compounds
Ind. Crop. Prod.
Chapter 13 – In vitro methods to screen materials for anti-aging effects
Chapter 14 – Flavonoids: potential therapeutic agents by their antioxidant capacity
Chapter 67 – Rapid assays to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of phenols in virgin olive oil
The main and modified CUPRAC methods of antioxidant measurement
TrAC Trend. Anal. Chem.
Cited by (14)
Long-lasting flavor compounds of myrtle and immortelle from ancient Egyptian tombs: A study by analytical pyrolysis
2024, Journal of Analytical and Applied PyrolysisPhytochemical analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench extracts
2020, Biocatalysis and Agricultural BiotechnologyCitation Excerpt :This species is an evergreen aromatic grey-cotton subshrub growing on sandy or shallow soils (Ascensão et al., 2001). Ethnobotanical surveys revealed that H. stoechas have been used to treat flu, common cold, wound healing, digestive disorders and many other medical issues (Barroso et al., 2014; Zengin et al., 2020). Also, this plant showed many biological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, as well as certain medicinal activities, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and antiallergic (Carini et al., 2001; Les et al., 2017; Zengin et al., 2020).
Analysis of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Helichrysum pallasii (Sprengel) ledeb leaves
2023, International Journal of Secondary Metabolite
- 1
These authors contributed equally.