Abstract
The shape stabilization ability of solid–liquid phase change composites (PCCs), which are determined by the interaction between the terminal group of the phase change material molecule and the surface properties of the porous matrix material, is a prerequisite for long-term stable work of PCCs. Here, mesoporous SiO2 aerogel (MSA) surface properties were engineered to regulate the interactions between paraffin wax (PW) composites. To evaluate the effect of the surface properties of MSA on the stability of the composite, the sol–gel method combined with a supercritical drying process was firstly used to prepare CH3/HO–MSA. Then, HO–MSA and CH3–MSA were obtained by hydroxylation and alkylation modification on the basis of the as-prepared CH3/HO–MSA, respectively. The alkyl group modified on the surface of the MSA pores eliminates the phase separation of PCCs caused by the hydrogen-bonding interaction between MSA and water molecules. Therefore, the obtained CH3–MSA/PW has no leakage for more than 24 h even in an environment of high humidity and a temperature exceeding the melting point of PW. In addition, large phase change latent heat, good thermal conductivity and thermal stability are also well achieved. This paves the way for the development of PCCs for use in high-humidity environments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharma RK, Ganesan P, Tyagi VV, Metselaar HSC, Sandaran SC (2015) Developments in organic solid–liquid phase change materials and their applications in thermal energy storage. Energy Convers Manage 95:193–228
Huang X, Chen X, Li A, Atinafu D, Gao H, Dong W, Wang G (2019) Shape-stabilized phase change materials based on porous supports for thermal energy storage applications. Chem Eng J 356:641–661
Gao H, Wang J, Chen X, Wang G, Huang X, Li A, Dong W (2018) Nanoconfinement effects on thermal properties of nanoporous shape-stabilized composite PCMs: a review. Nano Energy 53:769–797
Zhou X, Xiao H, Feng J, Zhang C, Jiang Y (2009) Preparation and thermal properties of paraffin/porous silica ceramic composite. Compos Sci Technol 69(7–8):1246–1249
Xiangfa Z, Hanning X, Jian F, Changrui Z, Yonggang J (2012) Preparation, properties and thermal control applications of silica aerogel infiltrated with solid–liquid phase change materials. J Exp Nanosci 7(1):17–26
Hurwitz FI, Rogers RB, Guo H, Yu K, Domanowski J, Schmid E, Fields MG (2017) The role of phase changes in maintaining pore structure on thermal exposure of aluminosilicate aerogels. MRS Commun 7(03):642–650
Tahan Latibari S, Sadrameli SM (2018) Carbon based material included-shaped stabilized phase change materials for sunlight-driven energy conversion and storage: an extensive review. Sol Energy 170:1130–1161
Zhang Z, Zhang N, Peng J, Fang X, Gao X, Fang Y (2012) Preparation and thermal energy storage properties of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change material. Appl Energy 91(1):426–431
Ling Z, Chen J, Xu T, Fang X, Gao X, Zhang Z (2015) Thermal conductivity of an organic phase change material/expanded graphite composite across the phase change temperature range and a novel thermal conductivity model. Energy Convers Manage 102:202–208
Yu C, Yang SH, Pak SY, Youn JR, Song YS (2018) Graphene embedded form stable phase change materials for drawing the thermo-electric energy harvesting. Energy Convers Manage 169:88–96
Wu W, Yao R, Huang X, Chen R, Li K, Gao S, Zou R (2017) Dual-encapsulation of octadecanol in thermal/electric conductor for enhanced thermoconductivity and efficient energy storage. Mater Chem Front 1(7):1430–1434
Sarı A (2004) Form-stable paraffin/high density polyethylene composites as solid–liquid phase change material for thermal energy storage: preparation and thermal properties. Energy Convers Manage 45(13–14):2033–2042
Xiangfa Z, Hanning X, Jian F, Changrui Z, Yonggang J (2010) Pore structure modification of silica matrix infiltrated with paraffin as phase change material. Chem Eng Res Des 88(8):1013–1017
Goitandia AM, Beobide G, Aranzabe E, Aranzabe A (2015) Development of content-stable phase change composites by infiltration into inorganic porous supports. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 134:318–328
Wang J, Yang M, Lu Y, Jin Z, Tan L, Gao H, Fan S, Dong W, Wang G (2016) Surface functionalization engineering driven crystallization behavior of polyethylene glycol confined in mesoporous silica for shape-stabilized phase change materials. Nano Energy 19:78–87
Qian T, Li J, Min X, Fan B (2017) Integration of pore confinement and hydrogen-bond influence on the crystallization behavior of C18 PCMs in mesoporous silica for form-stable phase change materials. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(1):897–908
Wang Y, Zhang L, Tao S, An Y, Meng C, Hu T (2014) Phase change in modified hierarchically porous monolith: an extra energy increase. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 193:69–76
Yu Y, Wu X, Fang J (2015) Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic “sponge-like” aerogels for oil/water separation. J Mater Sci 50(15):5115–5124
Yu Y, Guo D, Fang J (2015) Synthesis of silica aerogel microspheres by a two-step acid–base sol–gel reaction with emulsification technique. J Porous Mater 22(3):621–628
Yu Y, Guo D, Fang J (2015) A facile and fast gelation process to prepare highly spherical millimeter-sized silica aerogel beads. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 12:E244–E248
Parvathy Rao A, Venkateswara Rao A (2010) Modifying the surface energy and hydrophobicity of the low-density silica aerogels through the use of combinations of surface-modification agents. J Mater Sci 45(1):51–63
Nah H-Y, Parale VG, Lee K-Y, Choi H, Kim T, Lim C-H, Seo J-Y, Ku YS, Park J-W, Park H-H (2018) Silylation of sodium silicate-based silica aerogel using trimethylethoxysilane as alternative surface modification agent. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 87(2):319–330
Zheng Z, Chang Z, Xu GK, McBride F, Ho A, Zhuola Z, Michailidis M, Li W, Raval R, Akhtar R, Shchukin D (2017) Microencapsulated phase change materials in solar–thermal conversion systems: understanding geometry-dependent heating efficiency and system reliability. ACS Nano 11(1):721–729
Zhang Y, Zheng S, Zhu S, Ma J, Sun Z, Farid M (2018) Evaluation of paraffin infiltrated in various porous silica matrices as shape-stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Energy Convers Manage 171:361–370
Nomura T, Zhu C, Sheng N, Tabuchi K, Sagara A, Akiyama T (2015) Shape-stabilized phase change composite by impregnation of octadecane into mesoporous SiO. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 143:424–429
Zhong Y, Zhou M, Huang F, Lin T, Wan D (2013) Effect of graphene aerogel on thermal behavior of phase change materials for thermal management. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 113:195–200
Yang J, Tang L-S, Bai L, Bao R-Y, Liu Z, Xie B-H, Yang M-B, Yang W (2018) Photodriven shape-stabilized phase change materials with optimized thermal conductivity by tailoring the microstructure of hierarchically ordered hybrid porous scaffolds. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(5):6761–6770
Yang J, Tang L-S, Bai L, Bao R-Y, Liu Z-Y, Xie B-H, Yang M-B, Yang W (2019) High-performance composite phase change materials for energy conversion based on macroscopically three-dimensional structural materials. Mater Horiz 6(2):250–273
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (51675452) and the Fund of Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory (6142A0604030817) are acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, Y., Xu, J., Wang, G. et al. Preparation of paraffin/SiO2 aerogel stable-stabilized phase change composites for high-humidity environment. J Mater Sci 55, 1511–1524 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04107-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04107-1