Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO2) has been widely investigated as a photocatalytic material for degradation of organic pollutant in waste water. However, nanosized granular TiO2 nanoparticles are hard to be recycled and re-utilized in water and many cause secondary pollution of water. Hence, we constructed a foam-like photocatalyst, which was composed of carbonaceous support: activated carbon nanotube foams and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles through a method of a template synthesis and carbonization strategy. The as-prepared photocatalyst evidenced to be hierarchical macroporous and mesoporous and exhibited remarkable photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine under UV and visible light. The structure characterization and photocatalytic performance investigation confirmed that the enhanced photoresponse was attributed to the high efficiency of charge separation and the surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag. The adsorption synergetic effect of the hierarchical porous structure also played an important role in photodegradation. The as-prepared photocatalyst showed great potential in the treatment of waste water containing organic pollutant.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jin L, Ong WJ, Zhang R, Pickwell-MacPherson E, Yu JC (2018) Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet wrapped mesoporous titanium dioxide for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Catal Today 315:103–109
Gomis-Berenguer A, Velasco LF, Velo-Gala I, Ania CO (2017) Photochemistry of nanoporous carbons: perspectives in energy conversion and environmental remediation. J Colloid Interface Sci 490:879–901
Komatsuda S, Asakura Y, Vequizo JJM, Yamakata A, Yin S (2018) Enhanced photocatalytic NOx decomposition of visible-light responsive F-TiO2/(N, C)-TiO2 by charge transfer between F-TiO2 and (N, C)-TiO2 through their doping levels. Appl Catal B 238:358–364
Nakatani H, Hamachi R, Fukui K, Motokucho S (2018) Synthesis and activity characteristics of visible light responsive polymer photocatalyst system with a styrene block copolymer containing TiO2 gel. J Colloid Interface Sci 532:210–217
Yu LF, Zhang SM, Zhang M, Chen JD (2017) Superhydrophobicity construction with dye-sensitised TiO2 on fabric surface for both oil/water separation and water bulk contaminants purification. Appl Surf Sci 425:46–55
Zhang SB, Zhao YC, Yang JP, Zhang JY, Zheng CG (2018) Fe-modified MnOx/TiO2 as the SCR catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and mercury from coal combustion flue gas. Chem Eng J 348:618–629
Ji LJ, Zhang YH, Miao SY, Gong MD, Liu X (2017) In situ synthesis of carbon doped TiO2 nanotubes with an enhanced photocatalytic performance under UV and visible light. Carbon 125:544–550
Ton NNT, Dao ATN, Kato K, Ikenaga T, Trinh DX, Taniike T (2018) One-pot synthesis of TiO2/graphene nanocomposites for excellent visible light photocatalysis based on chemical exfoliation method. Carbon 133:109–117
An HR, Hong YC, Kim H et al (2018) Studies on mass production and highly solar light photocatalytic properties of gray hydrogenated-TiO2 sphere photocatalysts. J Hazard Mater 358:222–233
Tian J, Zhao Z, Kumar A, Boughton RI, Liu H (2014) Recent progress in design, synthesis, and applications of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructured surface heterostructures: a review. Chem Soc Rev 43:6920–6937
Li C, Wang XP, Cheruvathur A, Shen YB, Xiang HW, Li YW, Niemantsverdriet JW, Su R (2018) In-situ probing photocatalytic C–C bond cleavage in ethylene glycol under ambient conditions and the effect of metal cocatalyst. J Catal 365:313–319
Wu XB, Zhuang W, Lu LH et al (2017) Excellent performance of Pt-C/TiO2 for methanol oxidation: contribution of mesopores and partially coated carbon. Appl Surf Sci 426:890–896
Yuan L, Weng B, Colmenares JC, Sun YG, Xu YJ (2017) Multichannel charge transfer and mechanistic insight in metal decorated 2D–2D Bi2WO6–TiO2 cascade with enhanced photocatalytic performance. Small 13:1702253
Yeon Do J, Chava RK, Mandari KK et al (2018) Selective methane production from visible-light-driven photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction using the surface plasmon resonance effect of superfine silver nanoparticles anchored on lithium titanium dioxide nanocubes (Ag@LixTiO2). Appl Catal B 237:895–910
Li YF, Feng J, Dong FX et al (2017) Surface plasmon-enhanced amplified spontaneous emission from organic single crystals by integrating graphene/copper nanoparticle hybrid nanostructures. Nanoscale 9:19353–19359
Rajbongshi BM, Verma A (2018) Plasmonic noble metal coupled biphasic TiO2 electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell. Mater Lett 232:220–223
Guo LM, Liang K, Marcus K et al (2016) Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic reduction of oxygen using Au@TiO2 plasmonic film. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:34970–34977
Lee SH, Nishi H, Tatsuma T (2017) Tunable plasmon resonance of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles synthesized in non-aqueous media. Chem Commun 53:12680–12683
Khojasteh H, Salavati-Niasari M, Sangsefidi FS (2018) Photocatalytic evaluation of RGO/TiO2NWs/Pd–Ag nanocomposite as an improved catalyst for efficient dye degradation. J Alloy Compd 746:611–618
Keihan AH, Hosseinzadeh R, Farhadian M, Kooshki H, Hosseinzadeh G (2016) Solvothermal preparation of Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon pesticide under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 6:83673–83687
Wang QY, Zhong JS, Zhang M, Chen DQ, Ji ZG (2016) In situ fabrication of TiO2 nanotube arrays sensitized by Ag nanoparticles for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Mater Lett 182:163–167
Ge MZ, Cao CY, Li SH et al (2016) In situ plasmonic Ag nanoparticle anchored TiO2 nanotube arrays as visible-light-driven photocatalysts for enhanced water splitting. Nanoscale 8:5226–5234
Liu XH, Liu Y, Lu SY, Guo W, Xi BD (2018) Performance and mechanism into TiO2/Zeolite composites for sulfadiazine adsorption and photodegradation. Chem Eng J 350:131–147
Cao M, Wang P, Ao Y, Wang C, Hou J, Qian J (2016) Visible light activated photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by a magnetically separable composite photocatalyst: graphene oxide/magnetite/cerium-doped titania. J Colloid Interface Sci 467:129–139
Lorencik S, Yu QL, Brouwers HJH (2016) Photocatalytic coating for indoor air purification: synergetic effect of photocatalyst dosage and silica modification. Chem Eng J 306:942–952
Bian Z, Cao F, Zhu J, Li H (2015) Plant uptake-assisted round-the-clock photocatalysis for complete purification of aquaculture waste water using sunlight. Environ Sci Technol 49:2418–2424
Hurtado L, Solis-Casados D, Escobar-Alarcon L, Romero R, Natividad R (2016) Multiphase photo-capillary reactors coated with TiO2 films: preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance. Chem Eng J 304:39–47
Chen LL, Li L, Wang TT, Zhang LY, Xing SX, Wang CG, Su ZM (2014) A novel strategy to fabricate multifunctional Fe3O4@C@TiO2 yolk-shell structures as magnetically recyclable photocatalysts. Nanoscale 6:6603–6608
Lugo-Vega CS, Serrano-Rosales B, de Lasa H (2016) Immobilized particle coating for optimum photon and TiO2 utilization in scaled air treatment photo reactors. Appl Catal B 198:211–223
Qian X, Ren M, Yue D, Zhu Y, Han Y, Bian Z, Zhao Y (2017) Mesoporous TiO2 films coated on carbon foam based on waste polyurethane for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs. Appl Catal B 212:1–6
Zhang L, Xing Z, Zhang H, Li Z, Wu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou W (2016) High thermostable ordered mesoporous SiO2–TiO2 coated circulating-bed biofilm reactor for unpredictable photocatalytic and biocatalytic performance. Appl Catal B 180:521–529
Liang M, Li W, Qi Q et al (2016) Catalyst for the degradation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and its by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine in propellant wastewater. RSC Adv 6:5677–5687
Yu X, Liu J, Yu Y, Zuo S, Li B (2014) Preparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of carbon quantum dots/TiO2 nanosheet composites. Carbon 68:718–724
Zhou W, Sasaki S, Kawasaki A (2014) Effective control of nanodefects in multiwalled carbon nanotubes by acid treatment. Carbon 78:121–129
Chen J, Cui X, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Sui K (2017) Design of superior conductive polymer composite with precisely controlling carbon nanotubes at the interface of a co-continuous polymer blend via a balance of π–π interactions and dipole–dipole interactions. Carbon 114:441–448
Jbeli A, Hamden Z, Bouattour S et al (2018) Chitosan–Ag–TiO2 films: an effective photocatalyst under visible light. Carbohyd Polym 199:31–40
Peng C, Wang W, Zhang W, Liang Y, Zhuo L (2017) Surface plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting of TiO2 nanowires decorated with Ag nanoparticles under visible light illumination. Appl Surf Sci 420:286–295
Shao J, Sheng W, Wang M, Li S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Cao S (2017) In situ synthesis of carbon-doped TiO2 single-crystal nanorods with a remarkably photocatalytic efficiency. Appl Catal B 209:311–319
He D, Li Y, Wang I, Wu J, Yang Y, An Q (2017) Carbon wrapped and doped TiO2 mesoporous nanostructure with efficient visible-light photocatalysis for NO removal. Appl Surf Sci 391:318–325
Cui Y, Ma Q, Deng X et al (2017) Fabrication of Ag–Ag2O/reduced TiO2 nanophotocatalyst and its enhanced visible light driven photocatalytic performance for degradation of diclofenac solution. Appl Catal B 206:136–145
Lakshmana Reddy N, Kumar S, Krishnan V, Sathish M, Shankar MV (2017) Multifunctional Cu/Ag quantum dots on TiO2 nanotubes as highly efficient photocatalysts for enhanced solar hydrogen evolution. J Catal 350:226–239
Barrientos L, Allende P, Laguna-Bercero MA, Pastrián J, Rodriguez-Becerra J, Cáceres-Jensen L (2018) Controlled Ag–TiO2 heterojunction obtained by combining physical vapor deposition and bifunctional surface modifiers. J Phys Chem Solids 119:147–156
Ye J, Cheng H, Li H et al (2017) Highly synergistic antimicrobial activity of spherical and flower-like hierarchical titanium dioxide/silver composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 504:448–456
Zhang J, Liu X, Suo X, Li P, Liu B, Shi H (2017) Facile synthesis of Ag/AgCl/TiO2 plasmonic photocatalyst with efficiently antibacterial activity. Mater Lett 198:164–167
Zhao J, Li WJ, Fan LP, Quan Q, Wang JF, Xiao CF (2019) Yolk-porous shell nanospheres from siliver-decorated titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide as an enhanced visible-light photocatalyst with guaranteed shielding for organic carrier. J Colloid Interface Sci 534:480–489
Hernandez JV, Coste S, Murillo AG, Romo FC, Kassiba A (2017) Effects of metal doping (Cu, Ag, Eu) on the electronic and optical behavior of nanostructured TiO2. J Alloy Compd 710:355–363
Yang C, Zhang X, Qin J, Shen X, Yu R, Ma M, Liu R (2017) Porous carbon-doped TiO2 on TiC nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. J Catal 347:36–44
Ko S, Banerjee C, Sankar J (2011) Photochemical synthesis and photocatalytic activity in simulated solar light of nanosized Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticle composite. Compos B 42:579–583
Jiang Z, Wei W, Mao D, Chen C, Shi Y, Lv X, Xie J (2015) Silver-loaded nitrogen-doped yolk–shell mesoporous TiO2 hollow microspheres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale 7:784–797
Yan X, Wang XY, Gu W et al (2015) Single-crystalline AgIn(MoO4)2 nanosheets grafted Ag/AgBr composites with enhanced plasmonic photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline under visible light. Appl Catal B 164:297–304
Luo BF, Xu DB, Li D, Wu GL, Wu MM, Shi WD, Chen M (2015) Fabrication of a Ag/Bi3TaO7 plasmonic photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:17061–17069
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20131226), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51273171, 51673090), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YZ, MG, and XL was involved in experimentation and drafting of the manuscript. LJ, ZY, and XZ reviewed the manuscript and analyzed the data.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Gong, M., Liu, X. et al. Preparation of activated carbon nanotube foams loaded with Ag-doped TiO2 for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation under UV and visible light. J Mater Sci 54, 2975–2989 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3089-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3089-3