Abstract
A novel apparatus was developed for measurement of pore water pressure distribution and dissipation during thaw consolidation. Thaw consolidation tests were conducted to verify the applicability of nonlinear stress–strain relationship in 3-D large strain thaw consolidation theory. During thawing process, the measured pore pressure at different layers of soil samples increased sharply at first; when a certain value was approached, it stepped into dissipation stage. It was proved that the calculated results have a good agreement with tested results on both pore pressure distribution and dissipation. Further analysis indicated that nonlinearity of pore pressure distribution was proportionally related to thaw consolidation ratio (R), while it was opposite for thaw consolidation degree.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- \(h_\mathrm{v}\) :
-
Volumetric heat source intensity
- c :
-
Specific heat
- \(\lambda \) :
-
Thermal conductivity
- T :
-
Temperature
- \(\sigma _{ij}\) :
-
Stress tensor
- \({\dot{\varepsilon }}_{ij}\) :
-
Symmetric deformation rate tensor
- \({\dot{\omega }}_{ij}\) :
-
Skew-symmetric spin rate tensor
- \(\varepsilon _\mathrm{v}\) :
-
Volumetric strain
- u :
-
Pore pressure
- \(\delta _{ij}\) :
-
Kronecker symbol
- \(v_\mathrm{i}\) :
-
Instantaneous velocity of material point
- \(\rho \) :
-
Medium density
- \(D_{ijkl}\) :
-
Stress–strain relationship tensor
- \(q_\mathrm{v}\) :
-
Volumetric fluid source intensity
- \(q_{i}\) :
-
Superficial velocity of the fluid relative to the soil skeleton
- k :
-
Hydraulic permeability
- \(\rho _w\) :
-
Fluid density
- g :
-
Gravity
- K :
-
Bulk modulus
- G :
-
Shear modulus
- \(\nu \) :
-
Poisson’s ratio
- e :
-
Void ratio
- \(e_{0}\) :
-
Initial void ratio
- \(P_{0}\) :
-
Effective pressure
- \(\lambda \) :
-
Compression coefficient
- \(X_{i}\) :
-
Data samples
- \(\mu \) :
-
Average value of data samples
- Y :
-
Standard deviation
- R :
-
Thaw consolidation ratio
- \(\xi \) :
-
Thawing rate
- \(c_v\) :
-
Consolidation coefficient
- \(E_{s}\) :
-
Compression modulus
- D :
-
Thaw consolidation degree
References
Andersland, O.B., Landanyi, B.: Frozen Ground Engineering. Chapman & Hall, New York (2003)
Been, K., Sills, G.C.: Self-weight consolidation of soft soils: an experimental and theoretical study. Geotechnique 31(4), 519–535 (1981)
Cheng, G.D., Yang, C.S.: Mechanics related with frozen ground in construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway. Mech. Eng. 28(3), 1-8 (In Chinese with English Abstract) (2006)
Foriero, A., Ladanyi, B.: Assessment of large-strain thaw consolidation. J. Geotech. Eng. 121(2), 126–138 (1995)
Morgenstern, N.R., Nixon, J.F.: One dimensional consolidation of thawing soils. J. Can. Geotech. 8(4), 558–565 (1971)
Morgenstern, N.R., Smith, L.B.: Thaw-consolidation tests on remoulded clays. J. Can. Geotech. 10, 25–40 (1973)
Nixon, J.F., Morgenstern, N.R.: Thaw-consolidation test on undisturbed fine-grained permafrost. J. Can. Geotech. 11, 202–214 (1974)
Qi, J.L., Sheng, Y., Zhang, J.M., Wen, Z.: Settlement of embankments in permafrost regions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Nor. J. Geogr. 61, 49–55 (2007)
Qi, J.L., Yao, X.L., Yu, F.: Consolidation of thawing permafrost considering phase change. J. Civ. Eng. KSCE 17(6), 1293–1301 (2013)
Qi, J.L., Yao, X.L., Yu, F., Liu, Y.Z.: Study on thaw consolidation of permafrost under roadway embankment. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 81, 48–54 (2012)
Smith, L.B.: Thaw consolidation tests on remoulded clays. M.Sc Thesis, Universitiy of Alberta, Edmonton (1972)
Sykes, J.F., Lennox, W.C., Charlwood, R.G.: Finite element permafrost thaw settlement model. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 100(GT11), 1185–1201 (1974)
Wang, S.H., Qi, J.L., Yu, F., Yao, X.L.: A novel method for estimating settlement of embankments in cold regions. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 88, 50–88 (2013)
Xu, X.Z., Wang, J.C., Zhang, L.X.: Frozen soil physics. Science Press, Beijing (2001)
Yao, X.L., Qi, J.L., Wu, W.: Three dimensional analysis of large strain thaw consolidation in permafrost. Acta Geotech. 7(3), 193–202 (2012)
Yin, Z.Y., Wang, J.H.: A one-dimensional strain-rate based model for soft structured clays. Sci. Chin. Ser. E 55(1), 90–100 (2012)
Yu, F., Qi, J.L., Yao, X.L., Liu, Y.Z.: In-situ monitoring of settlement at different layers under embankments in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Eng. Geol. 160, 44–53 (2013)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41671061), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB026106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41572268 and 41501084), the research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering (SKLDSE-ZT-28) and the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions granted to Dr. Jilin Qi (CIT&TCD20150101).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yao, X., Qi, J., Liu, M. et al. Pore Water Pressure Distribution and Dissipation During Thaw Consolidation. Transp Porous Med 116, 435–451 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-016-0782-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-016-0782-z